Pelvimetric characteristics in agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) bred under human care / Características pelvimétricas em cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) criadas sob cuidados humanos

The aim of the study was to establish the pattern of the agouti pelvis by obtaining external and radiographic internal pelvimetric values. Forty-three agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), females and males bred in under human care were used. The parameters measured were the external biiliac diameter; the external biischiatic diameter; right and left external ilioischiatic diameters and radiographic internal measurements (true conjugated, the diagonal conjugated; the vertical, the sacral, sagittal, coxal tuberosity, upper biiliac, lower biiliac, and biischiatic diameter. The inlet pelvic area and the outlet pelvic area were calculated, as well the height/width ratios of the entrance area of the pelvis and the pelvic outlet area were calculated. The mean values for each body measurement of females and males were: weight 1.91kg and 2.04kg, external biiliac diameter 6.32cm and 6.30cm, external biischiatic diameter 4.34cm and 4.28cm, right external ilioischiatic diameter 9.01cm and 9.33cm, left external ilioischiatic diameter 9.13cm and 9.30cm, true conjugated 3.90cm and 3.68cm, diagonal conjugated 7.13cm and 6.91cm, vertical diameter 2.59cm and 2.45cm, sacral diameter 2.63cm and 2.44cm, sagittal diameter 3.30cm and 3.09cm, coxal tuberosity diameter 2.52cm and 2.43cm, upper biiliac diameter 6.28cm and 6.24cm, lower biiliac diameter 2.98cm and 2.58cm, biischiatic diameter 2.60cm and 2.70cm, height/width ratio - vertical/ lower biiliac diameter 0.88cm and 0.95cm, sagital/coxal tuberosity diameter 1.32cm and 1.28cm, inlet pelvic area 82.38cm and 77.83cm and outlet pelvic area 24.76cm and 20.07cm. Agouti are dolichopelvic animals, demonstrating the existence of a discrete sexual dimorphism in adults and low intensity correlations between the external and internal measures studied.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer o padrão da pelve de cutia, masculina e feminina, por meio da obtenção dos valores médios da pelvimetria externa e interna radiográfica. Foram utilizadas 43 cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), fêmeas e machos criadas sob cuidados humanos. Os parâmetros medidos foram o diâmetro biilíaco externo; o diâmetro biisquiático externo; diâmetros ilioisquiáticos externos direito e esquerdo e medidas internas radiográficas (diâmetros conjugado verdadeiro, diagonal conjugado, vertical, sacral, sagital, tuberosidade coxal, biilíaco superior, biilíaco inferior e diâmetro biisquiático). A área pélvica de entrada e a área pélvica de saída foram calculadas , assim como foram calculadas as razões altura/largura da área de entrada da pelve e da área de saída da pelve. Os valores médios para as medidas das fêmeas e dos machos foram, respectivamente: peso 1,91kg e 2,04kg, diâmetro biilíaco externo 6,32cm e 6,30 cm, diâmetro ilioisquiático externo 4,34cm e 4,28cm, diâmetro ilioisquiático externo direito 9,01cm e 9,33cm, diâmetro ilioisquiático externo esquerdo 9,13cm e 9,30cm, diâmetro conjugado verdadeiro 3,90cm e 3,68cm, diâmetro conjugado diagonal 7,13cm e 6,91cm, diâmetro vertical 2,59cm e 2,45cm, diâmetro sacral 2,63cm e 2,44cm, diâmetro sagital 3,30cm e 3,09cm, tuberosidade coxal diâmetro 2,52cm e 2,43cm, diâmetro biilíaco superior 6,28cm e 6,24cm, diâmetro biilíaco inferior 2,98cm e 2,58cm, diâmetro biisquiático 2,60cm e 2,70cm, relação altura/largura - vertical/diâmetro biilíaco inferior 0,88cm e 0,95cm, diâmetro sagital/coxal tuberosidade 1,32cm e 1,28cm, área pélvica de entrada 82,38cm e 77,83 cm e área pélvica de saída 24,76cm e 20,07cm. As cutias são animais dolicopélvicos, demonstrando a existência de um discreto dimorfismo sexual em adultos e correlações de baixa intensidade entre as medidas externas e internas estudadas.

Ocular echobiometry and resistivity Index of external ophthalmic artery in agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha)

Veterinary Ophthalmology provides complementary information for the diagnosis of ocular pathologies. Studies in wild species are essential. Among the diagnostic techniques in ophthalmology, two-dimensional ultrasonography stands out. The agouti is a rodent belonging to the Dasyproctidae family that has been widely used as an experimental model. For these animals, sight is one of the crucial senses for their survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the two-dimensional ocular ultrasound technique to obtain anatomical measurements and the external ophthalmic artery resistivity index, presumably normal in the species Dasyprocta prymnolopha. Forty eye bulbs of 20 adult rodents of the species were evaluated by ultrasonography. In these animals, B-mode echobiometry was performed using the transpalpebral approach and the hemodynamic study of the external ophthalmic artery using the color Doppler technique. All examinations were initiated by the left eye bulb and all measurements were performed by only one examiner. The collected data related to echobiometry were analyzed using Bioest 5.0 for Windows. Initially, normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test for each parameter, then the paired t-test was performed, comparing right and left eyes, and a significance level of 5% (P < 0.05) was adopted. Based on the methodology used, the following values were obtained for the right and left eyeballs, respectively: anterior chamber thickness - mean of 1.28 ± 0.3 mm and 1.22 ± 0.1 mm; lens thickness - 8.27 ± 0.9 mm and 8.11 ± 0.9 mm; vitreous chamber thickness - 5.35 ± 0.48 mm and 5.30 ± 0.47 mm and axial length - 12.7 ± 0.9 mm and 13 ± 0.68 mm. The mean external ophthalmic artery resistivity values were 0.4305 ± 0.0390 and 0.4258 ± 0.0387 (right and left eye, respectively), characterizing a low resistance. There was no statistical difference between the right and left eyeballs in any of the studied parameters. The use of the convex transducer was feasible, promoting adequate contact with the ocular surface and images of satisfactory quality for obtaining measurements, similar to what was observed in studies evaluating the ocular biometry of primates and dogs. The anterior chamber thickness values in this experiment did not differ statistically between the antimers, as well as observed for dogs. The data obtained for lens thickness did not differ statistically for antimers, like those obtained for other rodent species evaluated with the same methodology. The mean values of vitreous chamber thickness were like those observed in chinchillas but correspond to about half of that obtained for capybaras. In this study, the external ophthalmic artery was characterized in all animals, but obtaining the spectral tracing was difficult due to its fine caliber. In wild animals, and especially in wild rodents, there are few data reporting the resistivity of the ophthalmic artery, and there is a lack of studies, which can be explained by the behavioral characteristics of defense and by the high susceptibility to stress in capture, since the performing the technique requires, as in other procedures, the use of chemical containment. (AU)

Ecocardiografia Padrão, com Strain e Strain Rate com Speckle Tracking Bidimensional em Macaco-Capuchinho (Cebus Apella, Linnaeus, 1758) / Standard Echocardiography, Strain and Strain Rate by Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking in Capuchin Monkey (Cebus Apella, Linnaeus, 1758)

Introdução: O macaco-capuchinho é uma espécie de primata não humano que demonstra grande potencial para estudos pré-clínicos devido às semelhanças anatômicas e fisiológicas com os seres humanos. Objetivo: Estudar os índices de deformação miocárdica em macacos-capuchinhos anestesiados utilizando speckle tracking. Métodos: Foram utilizados dezesseis animais do Parque Zoobotânico, em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, com restrição química, utilizando uma combinação de cetamina e midazolam. Os estudos ecocardiográficos foram obtidos nos modos B, M e Doppler, medindo-se strain e strain rate através de speckle tracking. Resultados: As variáveis que apresentaram coeficientes de correlação estatisticamente significativos em relação ao peso foram a parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo em diástole (PLVEd), diâmetro interno do ventrículo esquerdo em diástole (DIVEd), diâmetro interno do ventrículo esquerdo em sístole (DIVEs), onda E, A'VD, movimento do anel mitral (MAM) e excursão sistólica do plano do anel tricúspide (TAPSE). A frequência cardíaca (FC) mostrou correlação positiva com a onda E e a onda A e correlação negativa com o tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico (TRIV). A fração de encurtamento (FS) apresentou correlação positiva com a razão entre as ondas E e A (r = 0,61). TAPSE mostrou correlações positivas com E'VD e A'VD. Os valores obtidos para o strain circunferencial (-18,17 ± 4,68%), radial (47,13 ± 5,24%) e longitudinal (-26,46 ± 5,155%) para os macacos-capuchinhos estavam dentro dos intervalos normais para machos e fêmeas. Conclusão: O presente estudo fornece os primeiros valores de referência para medidas ecocardiográficas em modos B, M e Doppler para macacos-capuchinhos anestesiados com cetamina e midazolam. Os valores de strain e strain rate obtidos utilizando a técnica de speckle tracking mostraram-se semelhantes aos obtidos em seres humanos, sugerindo que esta ferramenta pode ser explorada em estudos pré-clínicos utilizando o modelo do macaco-capuchinho

Introduction: The capuchin monkey is a type of nonhuman primate that has shown great potential for preclinical studies because of its anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. Objective: To study the indices of myocardial deformation in anesthetized capuchin monkeys using speckle tracking. Methods: Sixteen animals from the Zoobotanical Park, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, were used and chemically restrained using a combination of ketamine and midazolam. Echocardiography recordings were obtained in B, M and Doppler modes, and strain and strain rate were measured using speckle tracking. Results: The variables that showed statistically significant correlation coefficients in relation to weight were LVFWd, LVIDd, LVIDs, E wave, A'RV, MAM and TAPSE. HR showed a positive correlation with the E wave and A wave and a negative correlation with IVRT. FS presented a positive correlation with the E/A wave relationship (r = 0.61). TAPSE showed positive correlations with E'RV and A'RV. The values obtained for circumferential (-18.17 ± 4.68%), radial (47.13 ± 5.24%) and longitudinal (- 26.46 ± 5.15%) strain for the capuchin monkeys were within the normal ranges for males and females. Conclusion: The present study provides the first reference values for echocardiographic measurements in B, M and Doppler modes for capuchin monkeys anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam. The strain and strain rate values obtained using speckle tracking showed similarities with those obtained in humans, suggesting that this tool has the potential to be exploited in preclinical studies using the capuchin monkey model

Serum biochemistry in hystricomorpha: agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) during pregnancy / Bioquímica sérica em hystricomorpha: cutia (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, WAGLER, 1831) durante o período gestacional

The aim of this estudy was to establish the levels of serum total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, bilirubin and glucose during pregnancy in agoutis. Animals: Twelve pregnant agouti from the Center for the Study and Preservation of Wild Animals (CSPWA) of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) were used in this research. After identification of the estrus, the day of the coverage was confirmed by means of vaginal cytology with the visualization of spermatozoa (day zero) and confirmation of pregnancy by ultrasonographic examination after 15 days. Blood samples were collected by lateral saphenous vein puncture after physical restraint, every 10 days until the end of pregnancy, for biochemical analyzes. A completely randomized experimental design was used and the means compared by the Duncan test at 5% probability using the SAS (Statistical Analysis System). The results of the biochemical analysis of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, serum ALT, glucose, AST, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin in pregnant agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) did not differ when compared to nonpregnant females. The serum biochemical levels during pregnancy in agoutis, except for calcium and phosphorus, were unchanged compared to those found in the non-pregnant adult animal, as occurs in other species. The changes during pregnancy reflect the physiology and biology of wild species, elucidating information about the biochemical parameters during pregnancy, thus characterizing the animal as a benchmark for comparisons with other species, extolling its importance both for nature conservation and production in capivity.

O estudo objetivou estabelecer os níveis séricos de proteínas totais, albumina, globulina, Alanina Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST), cálcio, fósforo, ureia, creatinina, bilirrubina e glicose durante a gestação em cutias. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida utilizando-se 12 cutias fêmeas criadas no Núcleo de Estudos, Produção e Preservação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Após a identificação do estro, o dia da cobertura foi confirmado por meio de citologia vaginal com a visualização de espermatozoides (dia zero) e confirmação da gestação por exame ultrassonográfico após 15 dias. Confirmada a gestação, foram coletados 03 mL de sangue mediante punção da veia pudenda interna, após contenção física, a cada 10 dias, até o final da gestação. Foi feita a análise de variância para um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com teste de Duncan para comparação das médias a 5% de probabilidade utilizando-se do programa estatístico SAS (Statistical Analysis System). Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise bioquímica de proteína total, albumina, globulina, ureia, creatinina, cálcio, fósforo, ALT séricas, glicose, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), bilirrubina total, bilirrubina direta e bilirrubina indireta de cutias gestantes (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) diferem de forma absoluta quando comparados a fêmeas não gestantes. Os níveis bioquímicos séricos durante a gestação em cutias, com exceção do cálcio, fósforo, sofrem alterações comparadas ao animal adulto não prenhe, como ocorre em outras espécies. Os níveis nas cutias gestantes sofrem alterações de acordo com o tempo de gestação, com maiores mudanças no período inicial e final da prenhez. As mudanças durante a gravidez refletem a fisiologia e a biologia da espécie silvestre, elucidando informações sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos durante a gestação, caracterizando o animal como referência para comparações com outras espécies, exaltando a importância tanto para sua conservação quanto para a sua produção em cativeiro.

Morphological analysis of peripheral blood cells of Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824) / Análise morfológica das células do sangue periférico de Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824)

This present work describe the peripheral blood cell morphology from Chelonoids carbonaria. To do this were used ten animal specimens clinically healthy, six female and four male, submitted to peripheral blood collect by jugular vein. Blood was collected to prepare blood smears, without the use of anticoagulants. The slides were stained and analyzed microscopically to describe the cell morphology. The mature erythrocytes had an ellipsoid shape and a grain-free nucleus; immature ones were circular. The leukocytes, granulocytes and agranulocytes were also circular. The heterophils had cytoplasmic granules with various elongated shapes, and the eosinophils had a uniform round shape. The basophils had highly dense basophilic granules, stained in blue; the granules were irregularly arranged and also inside the nucleus. The lymphocytes were circular with a large circular nucleus. The thrombocytes were small, with basophilic staining and a small cytoplasm (the nucleus occupied almost the entire cell). The morphological results found in this study are consistent with cell types of other chelonians.

O presente estudo descreve a morfologia dos constituintes celulares do sangue periférico de Chelonoides carbonaria. Para tanto, 10 espécimes adultos, sendo seis fêmeas e quatro machos, clinicamente saudáveis foram submetidos à coleta de sangue periférico através da veia jugular. O sangue foi recolhido para preparar esfregaços sanguíneos, sem a utilização de anticoagulantes. As lâminas foram coradas e analisadas microscopicamente para descrever a morfologia da célula. Os eritrócitos maduros têm a forma elipsóide e apresentam núcleo central sem granulações; nas fases imaturas mostram-se arredondados. Os leucócitos, granulócitos e agranulócitos, também são circulares. Os heterófilos possuem grânulos citoplasmáticos com várias formas alongadas e nos eosinófilos são uniformes e arredondados. Os basófilos possuem grânulos altamente densos e basofílicos, corados em azul; os grânulos são dispostos de forma irregular e também no interior do núcleo. Os linfócitos são circulares com um grande núcleo circular. Os trombócitos são pequenos, com coloração basofílica e citoplasma escasso (o núcleo ocupa quase toda a célula). Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa são compatíveis com a morfologia encontrada nesses tipos celulares em outros quelônios.

Collared Pecary (tayassu tajacu) as a new model of renal ischemic injury induced by clamping the renal artery

PURPOSE: The use of the collared peccary as an experimental model for ischemic nephropathy. METHODS: A total of 12 collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) was used and ischemic nephropathy was induced in six of these animals that constituted the experimental group (G1) while the other six formed the control group (G2). Ischemic nephropathy was induced surgically by partial occlusion of the left renal artery. The disease course was assessed by hematological tests, serum chemistry, urinalysis, ultrasound (US) and doppler ultrasound function of the renal artery before induction, and at five, 10, 15 and 20 days after surgery. Twenty days after the occlusion, unilateral nephrectomy and histopathological examination were performed to assess renal morphology. RESULTS: Statistical analysis by Fischer's test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the control group and the experimental group. The histopathological examination showed glomerular, tubular and interstitial lesions. In the experimental group, 83.3% (5 /6) showed moderate renal lesions and only 16.7% (1/6) were classified with no lesions. The ultrasound examination of the right kidney presented statistical difference between day 5 and day 10 post occlusion. CONCLUSION: The collared peccary as a good experimental model for ischemic renal disease, because it could be manipulated during the research time without death, with health conditions that permit any subsequent procedure for disease therapy. .

Citologia e histopatologia de pacientes assistidas em um centro de saúde da mulher / Cytology and Histopathology of patients assisted in a woman health center

O carcinoma de colo do útero é o segundo mais frequente em mulheres no Brasil, tendo acometido mais de 18.000 mulheres no ano de 2008. O presente estudo objetivou analisar e correlacionar os resultados obtidos nos laudos citológicos e histopatológicos, conforme a faixa etária das pacientes. Para tanto, metodologicamente foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal retrospectivo por meio de 106 prontuários de pacientes que apresentavam laudos citopatológicos e histopatológicos com atipias cervicais atendidas no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2008 no Centro de Saúde da Mulher em Piripiri, Piauí, Brasil. Foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: quanto ao exame citológico os resultados mais frequentes foram os de ASCH e ASC/AG, correspondendo a respectivamente, 39,6% e 30%. Houve maior número de pacientes com laudo de ASC/AG e ASCH no intervalo de 25 a 34 anos, correspondendo a respectivamente, 13,2% e 17,9% destas lesões. Na histopatologia, 44 casos (41,5%) foram considerados LSIL, 53 casos (50%) foram diagnosticados com HSIL e 7 casos (6,6%) foram considerados como neoplasia maligna invasiva. Sendo assim, este estudo confirma a acuidade diagnóstica dos exames citológicos e histopatológicos, tendo em vista o grande número de lesões observadas, especialmente em pacientes jovens, destaca-se a importância de orientar práticas sexuais seguras, melhor controle na frequência de rastreamento e seguimento clínico destas pacientes.

Cervical carcinoma is the second most common carcinomas among women in Brazil, having involved over 18,000 women in 2008. Analyze and correlate the most frequent cervical lesions observed in cytological and histological examinations. A cross -sectional observational study was retrospectively performed with 106 patients from a Woman Health Center in Piripiri, Piaui, Brazil, from January 2007 to December 2008, who presented atypical cytopathologic and histopathologic cervical findings. The cytologic results were more frequent in ASC and ASCH/AG, representing 39.6% and 30%, respectively. There was a greater number of patients with report of ASC/AG and ASCH in the range of 25 to 34, representing respectively 13.2% and 17.9% of these lesions. Histopathologically, 44 cases (41.5%) were considered LSIL, 53 cases (50%) were diagnosed as HSIL and 7 cases (6.6%) were considered invasive malignancy. This study confirms the diagnostic accuracy of Pap smears, colposcopy and histopathology exams. Given the large number of lesions, especially in young patients, it highlights the importance of guidelines for safe sex practices, better control in the screening frequency and follow-up for these patients.

Morfologia e morfometria da cérvice uterina de cabras sem raça definida da microrregião de Teresina-Piauí / Morphology and morphometry of the uterine cervice of cross breed goat from micro region of Teresina-Piauí

A criação de caprinos está em ascensão mundial. No Brasil, esta prática tem contribuído bastante na economia, principalmente da região Meio Norte, onde o clima predominante, o semiárido, é favorável à criação destes animais. As cabras sem raça definida (SRD) podem apresentar alterações morfofisiológicas adaptativas para viverem neste ambiente específico. As adaptações podem ocasionar modificações que fogem ao padrão geralmente observado. Na análise macroscópica foram observados trinta úteros de cabras SRD quanto a topografia, morfometria e quantificação dos anéis cervicais uterinos. Das estruturas analisadas, observaram-se diferenças apenas quanto ao número de anéis, quando comparados com outros pequenos ruminantes. A estrutura histológica da cérvice foi analisada em microscopia de luz. Este órgão é composto predominatemente por tecido conjuntivo, apresentando pouco tecido muscular. A luz do colo uterino é revestida por um epitélio pseudoestratificado com células caliciformes. A mucosa endocervical apresenta dobras longitudinais e é repleta de glândulas secretoras de muco. As camadas musculares encontram-se dispostas de forma circular (interna), longitudinal (externa) e com algumas fibras transversais. Assim, as características anatômicas da cérvice uterina de cabras sem raça definida são importantes para uma melhor execução das técnicas de manejo reprodutivo, bem como para biologia destes animais.

Goat farming is steadily increasing worldwide. In Brazil this practice have contributed a lot in the economy, especially the Mid-North region, where the semi-arid prevailing climate is favorable to the creation of these animals. To live in this environment, the cross breed goat may have morpho-physiological adaptive changes, which may cause changes that are beyond the pattern usually observed. Thirty cross breed goat uterus were selected for topographic and morphometric analysis and quantification of uteri cervical rings. In analyzed structures, differences were observed only on the number of rings when compared with others small ruminants. The histological structure of the cervix was examined under light microscopy. This body is predominately composed of connective tissue with little muscle tissue. The light of the cervix is lined by a pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells. The endocervical mucosa has longitudinal folds and is lined with mucus-secreting glands. Muscle layers are arranged circular (internal), longitudinal (external) and some transverse fibers. Thereby, the anatomical characteristics of the uterine cervix of cross breed goats are important both to the improvement of the reproductive management techniques as to the biology of this animal.